Assess the data for any unusual values given the context of the data description. Report any decisions and actions taken regarding any such values

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

COURSEWORK TASK

Sleep quality in academia

The exponential increase of electronic devices involved in everyday life is often claimed to have a detrimental influence on sleep quality. Due to advances in technology, it is now the norm for many of these devices to log user engagement, and there are specific products aimed entirely at logging daily activities (for instance, smart-watches).

In the present study, data were collected from 150 participants from the University of Edinburgh community (students, staff, and in some cases friends and relatives). Each participant was given a smart-watch for a period of 24 hours and was asked to keep it on their wrist at all times until returning it the following day. At the end of this period, researchers downloaded data from the device capturing two measures: sleep duration (hours) and sleep quality (score 0-100, a metric taking into account heart rate, movement, and respiration rate).

Additionally, participants filled in a short questionnaire. 

Questions

1.Assess the data for any unusual values (given the context of the data description). Report any decisions and actions taken regarding any such values, and use R to provide some descriptive statistics for the dataset.

2.Is self-reported sleep quality independent of academic role? Perform an appropriate statistical test, and report and interpret the results in text.

3.Do smart-watch sleep quality scores relate to individuals’ self-reports of perceived sleep quality? Does this relationship differ depending on academic role?

4.Is sleep quality (as measured by smart-watch) influenced by the duration of screen usage in the hour prior to sleep?

5.Is sleep quality (as measured by smart-watch) influenced by the duration of screen usage in the hour prior to sleep after accounting for variation explained by sleep duration, age, and exercise?

6.Is the amount to which screen usage influences sleep quality different depending on whether screens are used in a light vs. a dark environment?

7.What factors increase the likelihood of reporting above-average sleep quality? Here you should perform a more exploratory analysis using self-reported sleep quality as the outcome (dependent) variable.

      o Extra:

        Can you plot the predicted probabilities of an individual reporting above-average sleep quality for 20-year-old undergraduates who range from 0 to 12 hours of sleep?

 

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