Can we assume there is a statistically significant difference in flipper lengths between Adelie and Chinstrap penguins

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICAL WORK WITH DATA

1. What number is the most frequent sex coded with?

2. How many women participated in the study?

3. What is the correct central tendency descriptive statistic for the variable "calories consumed at meals"?

4. What is the median value of the variable "calories consumed at meals"?

5. How many missing values contain the variable "weight loss"?

 6. What is the value at the third quartile of the flipper length? (The answer should be entered with two decimals.)

7. What is the coefficient of skewness of the flipper length among Gentoo penguins? (The answer should be entered with three decimals.)

8. Can we assume there is a statistically significant difference in flipper lengths between Adelie and Chinstrap penguins, using 95% CI of mean values for comparison?

9. Can we assume there is a statistically significant difference in flipper length among male Adelie penguins and female Chinstrap penguins, using 95% CI of mean values for comparison?

10. Do flipper length measurements among Gentoo penguins come from a normally distributed population?

11. Do bill length measurements among Chinstrap penguins come from a normally distributed population?

12. Is variable "sex" normally distributed?

 13. What is error type I probability (p-value) in claiming that weight before and after treatment has changed in the control group? (The answer should be entered with three decimals)

14. At 95% confidence level, are variances of weights before treatment the same in the all three groups?

15. At 95% confidence level, do weights before treatment differ statistically significantly between three groups?

16. Do weights after treatment differ statistically significantly between three groups at 95% confidence level?

 17. What was the weight before treatment compared to weight after treatment in the family therapy group?

18. What is error type I probability (p-value) in claiming that distributions of weight after treatment in the three groups are statistically significantly different? (The answer should be entered with three decimals.)

19. What is error type I probability (p-value) in claiming that distributions of weight change in the three groups are statistically significantly different? (The answer should be entered with three decimals.)

 20. Make a contingency table (crosstab) for the association between sex and age category. With the obtained expected counts, is Pearson's chi-square test valid?

 21. Looking at the association between sex and age category, which of the following statements concerning the direction of the association is true at 95% confidence level? 

22. Which of the following statements describes the linear relationship between the bill length and the bill depth at the best?

23. What is the PARAMETRIC correlation coefficient between flipper length and body mass? (The answer should be entered with three decimals.)

24. What percentage of body mass variation is explained by its linear relationship with flipper length? (The answer should be entered as a percentage number without decimals.)

25. How big will be the average change of the penguin body weight in grams if flipper length will increase by one millimetre, not taking into account the influence of other parameters? (The answer should be entered with three decimals.) 

26. What is the percent increase of the odds ratio of becoming a diabetic with each new pregnancy, regardless of other factors? (The answer should be entered as a percentage number with one decimal.)

27. Make a new variable by grouping the number of pregnancies into the following groups: no pregnancies (code 1), from 1 to 3 pregnancies (code 2), 4 and more pregnancies (code 3). Make a single-factor binary logistic regression with this new variable as predictor for diabetes. At 95% confidence level, is this model better than random? 

28. For how many days half of the patients survive in the population? (The answer should be entered as a whole number without decimals.)

29. At 95% confidence level, is there a statistically significant difference in survival between genders?

30. At 95% confidence level, how does Karnofsky performance score rated by physician (treat it as a scale variable) influence survival?

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