Final Assignment: Knowledge sharing in teams
A researcher from the Department of Management and Organization (M&O) at the Vrije Universiteit has conducted a survey among (approximately) 550 project teams from different companies. He is interested in the extent of knowledge sharing within these teams and factors that cause the members of these teams to share more or less knowledge among themselves. He has collected data on the following five theoretical constructs:1
• Degree of knowledge sharing within the team (Knowledge Sharing). This construct was measured using six survey questions (see the Appendix).
• Extent to which team members collectively reflect on and communicate goals, strategies, and processes (Reflexivity). This construct was measured using four survey questions (see the Appendix).
• Charismatic leadership (Leadership) measured the leadership style of the project leader. Low values of the variable indicate a lower degree of inspirational leadership as seen by the team members and high values of the variable indicate a higher degree. This construct was measured using eight survey questions, which have already been aggregated into one variable per project team based on averages.
• Degree of complexity of the project (Complexity)measured the extent to which teams experienced complexity in this project. This construct was measured using two survey questions, which have already been combined into one variable per project team based on averages.
• Stability of the project team (Stability) indicates whether the team worked in the same composition for at least 10 weeks (value=1) or not (value=0).
Perform the following analyses:
a) Recode the variables belonging to the reverse-scored items 2 and 3 (knowledge2 and knowledge3) using a recoding scheme e.g.,: 1 → 7, 2 → 6, etc. Conduct a factor analysis on all questions belonging to the constructs knowledge sharing within the team (Knowledge Sharing) and the degree of reflection within the team (Reflexivity). Describe each choice you had to make. How many factors do you think come out of this analysis and what do you base that on?
b) Test the assumptions of the factor analysis from (a) and assess the quality of the factor outcome. If the assumptions are not met, please explain why and continue with the analysis. This means you do not need to remove any questions from the survey if there are problems.
c) Conduct a reliability analysis on the results of the factor analysis.
d) Save the factor scores as new variables and prepare the new variables2 for use in further analyses (parts e) through g) of this assignment) by assigning appropriate variable names/labels. Next, perform the following analyses based on the result of the factor analysis:
e) Does stability of the project team (Stability) affect the degree of knowledge sharing within the team (Knowledge Sharing)? Investigate this question by formulating the null hypothesis, selecting the appropriate test, examining whether the test meets the assumptions, and running the test. Interpret the output and provide the conclusion for this analysis.
f) The researcher expects that if the project leader is perceived as charismatic by the team members (higher score on Leadership), team members will be more likely to share knowledge among themselves (Knowledge Sharing). Further, the researcher expects that this effect will be stronger when the complexity of the project (Complexity) is higher. Examine whether the data support these expectations of the researcher. Formulate the appropriate hypotheses. What is your conclusion? You do not need to test the assumptions of the regression model, except multicollinearity.
g) Finally, the researcher expects that charismatic leadership (Leadership) encourages team members to reflect on their functioning as a team (Reflexivity), and that as a result, they will share more knowledge among themselves (Knowledge Sharing). Explore whether you can find empirical evidence for this expectation. You do not need to test the assumptions of the regression model.
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