CS 475 Assignment 6 (100 pts)
General instructions:
You can work in a team of up to 4 people. Each team will only need to submit one copy of the source code, report, and write
All materials should be submitted through the WISE site. Please clearly indicate your team members’ information.
Reading part: Section 6.3 (PCA), PCA slides form week 12.
(100 pts) Implementation part: PCA
In this assignment you will work with the USPS handwritten digit dataset. In particular, the training data set contains handwritten digits 4 and 9. Each digit example is an image of by 16 by 16 pixels. Treating the gray-scale value of each pixel as a feature (between 0 and 255), each example has 16 16 = 256 features.
For each class, we have 700 training examples. You can view these images collectively at
http://www.cs.nyu.edu/~roweis/data/usps_4.jpg and http://www.cs.nyu.edu/~roweis/data/usps_9.jpg
The data is in csv format and each row corresponds to a handwritten digit image (the first 256 columns)
and its corresponding label (last column, 0 for digit 4 and 1 for digit 9). Note that you can use the Python command imshow (form matplotlib.pyplot) to view the image of a particular training example. For example, Xtrain[0] is the 0th row vector of 256 dimensions for a particular digit image, the following code allows you to see the image (I like to display them in blue):
Here, I use numpy (as np) and matplotlib.pyplot (as plt).
In this assignment you want to apply PCA to reduce dimensions of the training vectors. In particular:
Q Load the data. Make sure each training vector has 256 dimensions (features).
Q Construct matrix
where N is the number of training examples, xi is the ith training vector (with 256 dimensions), and
x¯ is a 256 dimensional mean (average) vector (off all training examples).
Q Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of S. Rank eigenvalues in a decreasing order. You may use function stem to plot eigenvalues. Make sure the eigenvectors are in the order that corresponds to the order of the eigenvalues.
Q Determine the number of eigenvectors/eigenvalues to choose (i.e. new dimension) if you want to retain 75% of the variance after projection. Report this number.
Q Now pick first three eigenvectors (i.e., we will project 256 dimensional data onto 3 dimensional space). Display these three eigenvectors using imshow. These are the ”eigendigits” (analogy to ”eigenfaces”). Insert the image of those eigendigits into your report. Do they look like 4 ? or 9? or both? Discuss your observations.
Q Project each training vector (256 dimensional) onto 3 dimension space defined by first three eigenvec- tors. Plot new 3 dimensional data using scatter function. Make sure to use different color for each class.
Q Discuss your observation. Are the two classes well separated? If yes, explain why. If not, explain why.
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