Methodology is a detailed description of specific steps and procedures in implementing your study. This section has to provide sufficient details to make your study entirely replicable, if necessary. In other words, if someone else was interested in doing the same study, by reading your methodology section he/she should be able to replicate it.
METHODOLOGY section must include the following 3 sub-sections: Research Design, Sampling Plan, Data Collection. Each sub-section must have an appropriate heading.
A detailed description of the design of your study.
- Describe the type of design and all of its components: (a) qualitative, quantitative, or mixed; (b) exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory; (c) cross-sectional or longitudinal;
(d) if applicable—evaluation, needs-assessment, experimental, etc.
- A brief account of why you chose this design as opposed to others (strengths and weaknesses).
A detailed description of your sampling plan.
- Who you will be studying (unit(s) of analysis).
- How many respondents are you planning on recruiting.
- Where/how you will get access to these subjects.
- How specific subjects will be selected (the sampling procedures):
The type of samples you will obtain:
(a) probability or nonprobability;
(b) sampling type(s);
(c) strengths and weaknesses of this type of sample.
- The reasons for obtaining this type of sample as opposed to other types.
- Who will collect the data (the researcher, other trained researchers, staff members, etc.)
- How it will be collected (survey questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, phone interviews, focus groups, data-mining, etc.). Describe the strengths and weaknesses of your chosen data collection method.
- When (time-frame) and where the data collection will take place.
Provide conceptual and operational definitions for each major concept (i.e., the independent and dependent variables or any other major variable(s) in the study).
If you are doing a quantitative study, you need to define the major concepts—how each concept is to be operationalized/measured (e.g., for the purposes of this study, burnout will be conceptualized as ……). Here you would also state the research questions or hypotheses to be studied/tested (e.g., Is there a relationship between gender and rate of relapse to drug of choice?)
Or, if you have a clear hypothesis(es): Men will relapse more frequently than females to their drug of choice.
If you do not want to commit to directional hypothesis, simply state: There will be a relationship between gender and relapse rates.
If you are doing a qualitative study, you will have to identify the major research questions or themes that your research will address. These thematic areas are general and should reflect a need for in-depth interviewing (e.g., if your study is about multidisciplinary child protection teams, explain how you define these teams for the purposes of your study; what disciplines it includes in your case, etc. OR, if you are studying collaboration among various disciplines, explain what is meant by collaboration; provide your working definitions).
Given your operational definition and selection of measures/instruments:
a. If it is an existing instrument, describe and discuss reliability and validity assessments reported on the instrument.
b. If you develop your own instrument, describe and discuss reliability and validity in regards to your instrument and the method/manner of testing your instrument’s reliability and validity.
(Attach copies of the instrument at the end of your paper as an Appendix).
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