Researchers studying the number of electric fish species living in various parts of the Amazon

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19. Researchers studying the number of electric fish species living in various parts of the Amazon basin were interested in whether the presence of tributaries affected the local number of electric fish species in the main rivers (Fernandes et al. 2004). They counted the number of electric fish species above and below the entrance point of a major tributary at 12 different river locations. Here's what they found:

Upstream

Downstream

number of

Tributary

species

number of species

Içá

14

19

Jutaí

11

18

Japurá

8

8

Coari

5

7

Purus

10

16

Manacapuru

5

6

Negro

23

24

Madeira

29

30

Trombetas

19

16

Tapajós

16

20

Xingu

25

21

Tocantins

10

12

a. What is the mean difference in the number of species between areas upstream and down- stream of a tributary? What is the 95% confi- dence interval of this mean difference?

b. Test the hypothesis that the tributaries have no effect on the number of species of electric fish.

 

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