Encoding Techniques with MATLAB
Create two MATLAB programs, one main and one subprogram.
Submit your report in a Microsoft Word document.
Create two MATLAB programs, one main and one subprogram. The codes for both programs are below.
line_encoding.m (Main Program)
%EE 640
%Line Encoding Demo
%Input Data bit strings input_data_0 = '101011100';
input_data_1 = '00101010011100100';
input_data_2 = '0101010111000';
%Generates graph of line encoding of input data generate_line_encoding_graph(input_data_0); generate_line_encoding_graph(input_data_1); generate_line_encoding_graph(input_data_2); generate_line_encoding_graph.m (Subprogram)
Generates a plot of six different line encoding techniques for a given
%binary input
%input_data – The binary data in either an int array or char array
%Example usage:
%line_encoding_demo([1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0]);
%line_encoding_demo('101011100');
function generate_line_encoding_graph(input_data)
%Determine which format the input data is in and convert it if
%necessary. if(ischar(input_data)) data = input_data – '0'; else
data = input_data;
end
%Verify if input data is valid
if(~(min(data) == 0 || min(data) == 1) || ~(max(data) == 0 || max(data) == 1))
fprintf('\n\nIncorrect input data\n'); fprintf('Usage:\n'); fprintf('\tline_encoding_demo()\n'); fprintf('Example Usage:\n'); fprintf('\tline_encoding_demo([1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0])\n'); fprintf('\tline_encoding_demo(''101011100'')\n'); return;
end
%Calculate the number of data points used for plotting purposes
num_steps_per_bit = 1000; %The number of points per bit
step_size = 1/num_steps_per_bit; %The size between points
x=0:step_size:length(data); %The x vector for plotting
x=(x(1,1:length(x)–1)); %Cleanup the x vector
y=zeros(6,length(x)); %The output vector for each encoding
%The labels used for each of the plots
labels= [{'Unipolar','NRZ'};{'Polar','NRZ'};{'NRZ','Inverted'};
{'Bipolar','Encoding'};{'Manchester','Encoding'}; {'Differential','Manchester'}];
%The current direction (inflection of NRZ_inverted) nrz_inverted_direction = –1;
%The current direction of bipolar bipolar_direction = –1;
%The current direction of differential manchester differential_manchester_direction = –1;
%Generates the output data for plotting of the six line encoding
%techniques for each of the bits in the input_data
for i = 1:length(data)
%Unipolar_NRZ
%+V for 1 and 0 for 0
index = (i–1)*num_steps_per_bit+1; y(1,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = data(i);
%Polar_NRZ
%+V for 1 and –V for 0
if(data(i) == 1)
y(2,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = 1;
else
y(2,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = –1;
end
%NRZ_Inverted
%Signal changes between +V and –V for every bit with a value of 1
if(data(i) == 1)
nrz_inverted_direction = –nrz_inverted_direction;
end
y(3,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = nrz_inverted_direction;
%Bipolar Encoding
%0 for 0 and for 1 the signal alternates between +V and –V for
%every bit with a value of 1
if(data(i) == 1)
bipolar_direction = –bipolar_direction;
end
index = (i–1)*num_steps_per_bit+1; y(4,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = bipolar_direction*data(i);
%Manchester Encoding
%Signal transitions in the middle of the bit duration
%–V to +V for 1
%+V to –V for 0
if(data(i) == 1)
manchester_direction = –1;
else manchester_direction = 1; end
y(5,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit/2–1)) = manchester_direction;
y(5,(index+num_steps_per_bit/2):(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = –
manchester_direction;
%Differential Manchester
%Signal transitions in the middle of the bit duration
%The signal remains the same at the bit transition point for 1
%The signal switches sign at the bit transition point if the bit is 0 differential_manchester_direction = –differential_manchester_direction; if(data(i) == 0)
differential_manchester_direction = –differential_manchester_direction;
end
y(6,index:(index+num_steps_per_bit/2–1)) = differential_manchester_direction; y(6,(index+num_steps_per_bit/2):(index+num_steps_per_bit–1)) = –
differential_manchester_direction;
end
%plots the six line encoding techniques figure;
for i = 1:6
%Switch to the subplot for a given line encoding techniques subplot(6,1,i);
%Plot the x axis and adjust its line width graph = line([0 length(data)],[0 0]); set(graph,'LineWidth',2);
hold on;
%Plot the signal representing the line encoding graph = plot(x,y(i,:),'k');
grid on;
%Set the correct properties of the plot axis([0 length(data) –1.5 1.5]);
set(gca,'ytick',[–1 0 1]);
set(gca,'xtick',0:1:length(data)); set(graph,'LineWidth',2); ylabel(labels(i,:)); set(get(gca,'YLabel'),'Rotation',0)
set(get(gca,'YLabel'), 'Units', 'Normalized', 'Position', [–0.1, 0.25, 0]);
%Add the bits to the top of the plot for j=0:(length(data)–1) text(j+0.5,1.25,num2str(data(j+1))); end
end end
Directions
1. Run the main program for the input data “01110010110” and analyze the figures.
2. What happens if the signals are reversed?
3. In a table, compare NRZ, NRZI, Manchester, and Manchester Differential techniques in terms of efficiency and clock recovery.
4. Write a report with the output figures and a table that compares the four techniques. Draw a conclusion. Submit this report.
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