Statistics & Analysis
The following are the speeds of 40 cars clocked by radar on a particular road in a 35 miles-per-hour zone on an afternoon
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Practice Worksheet
Provide a response to the following prompts.
- Explain and provide an example for each of the following types of variables:
- Nominal:
- Ordinal:
- Interval:
- Ratio scale:
- Continuous:
- Discrete:
- Quantitative:
- The following are the speeds of 40 cars clocked by radar on a particular road in a 35 miles-per-hour zone on an afternoon:
30, 36, 42, 36, 30, 52, 36, 34, 36, 33, 30, 32, 35, 32, 37, 34, 36, 31, 35, 20
24, 46, 23, 31, 32, 45, 34, 37, 28, 40, 34, 38, 40, 52, 31, 33, 15, 27, 36, 40
Create a frequency table and a histogram. Then, describe the general shape of the distribution.
- Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007) asked a group of 84 adolescents about their involvement in traditional and electronic bullying. The researchers defined electronic bullying as “…a means of bullying in which peers use electronics {such as text messages, emails, and defaming Web sites} to taunt, threaten, harass, and/or intimidate a peer” (p. 565). The table below is a frequency table showing the adolescents’ reported incidence of being victims or perpetrators or traditional and electronic bullying.
- Using the table below as an example, explain the idea of a frequency table to a person who has never taken a course in statistics.
- Explain the general meaning of the pattern of results.
Incidence of Traditional and Electronic Bullying and Victimization (N = 84) |
Forms of bullying |
N |
% |
Electronic victims |
41 |
48.8 |
|
Text-message victim |
27 |
32.1 |
|
Internet victim (websites, chatrooms) |
13 |
15.5 |
|
Camera-phone victim |
8 |
9.5 |
Traditional victims |
60 |
71.4 |
|
Physical victim |
38 |
45.2 |
|
Teasing victim |
50 |
59.5 |
|
Rumors victim |
32 |
38.6 |
|
Exclusion victim |
30 |
50 |
Electronic bullies |
18 |
21.4 |
|
Text-message bully |
18 |
21.4 |
|
Internet bully |
11 |
13.1 |
Traditional bullies |
54 |
64.3 |
|
Physical bully |
29 |
34.5 |
|
Teasing bully |
38 |
45.2 |
|
Rumor bully |
22 |
26.2 |
|
Exclusion bully |
35 |
41.7 |
- Describe whether each of the following data words best describes descriptive statistics or inferential statistics. Explain your reasoning.
- Describe:
- Infer:
- Summarize:
- Regarding gun ownership in the United States, data from Gallup polls over a 40-year period show how gun ownership in the United States has changed. The results are described below, with the percentage of Americans who own guns given in each of the 5 decades.
Year |
% |
1972 |
43 |
1982 |
42 |
1992 |
48 |
2002 |
40 |
2012 |
43 |
- Are the percentages reported above an example of descriptive statistics or inferential statistics? Why?
- Based on the table, how would you describe the changes in gun ownership in the United States over the 40 years shown?
- Refer to the Simpson-Southward et al. (2016) article from this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Was this an example of inferential statistics and research or descriptive statistics and research? Justify your response.
- Explain and provide an example for each of the following shapes of frequency distributions.
- Symmetrical:
- Skew:
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