Homework #4: ANOVAs
One-Way ANOVA
Instructions: Dr. Chronos evaluates the effect of different study strategies on test performance. Three different groups of people are used. Each group read a passage about dolphins. Group A created note cards on the material and reviewed them. Group B created note cards and tested themselves once on the passage before the “real” test. Group C created note cards on the passage and tested themselves twice on the passage before the “real” test. Thus, there were three different study strategies: (1) review, (2) take a practice test once, or (3) take a practice test twice. Higher scores indicate higher test performance.
1. What is the independent variable? How many levels of the independent variable are there and what are they? (1 point)
a) IV: (0.5 point)
b) Levels of IV and name the treatment conditions: (0.5 point)
2. What is the dependent variable? (0.5 points)
3. State the alternative hypothesis in words.
• H0 (Null Hypothesis): μGroup A = μGroup B = μGroup C
• There is not a significant mean difference in test performance based on study strategy.
• H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): μGroup A ≠ μGroup B ≠ μGroup C (0.5 points)
Conduct a one-way ANOVA to assess whether study strategy has an effect on test performance. Use the following variables: Group A, Group B, and Group C.
4. What are the results of the one-way ANOVA? Specifically, answer the questions below.
• Take a look at the one-way ANOVA source table. Report the values below (2 points).
dfbetween (columns) = _____________ dfwithin (error): ______________
F-value: ______________________ p-value: ____________________
• Assume an alpha criteria level of .05 to answer the questions below. Look at the p-value in the ANOVA source table and compare it to the alpha criterion level.
• Are the results significant - yes or no? (0.5 points) _____________
• What should the researcher decide? Choose either Option A or Option B as described below (0.5 points) ___________
• Option A: fail to reject the null hypothesis (i.e., support the null hypothesis)
• Option B: reject the null hypothesis (i.e., support the alternative hypothesis)
If the results of the F-test were significant, conduct a follow-up test to examine which means were different from each other. Report which mean group differences were significant from each other below. Fill in the means, standard deviations, and p-values each of the post-hoc tests below. Compare the means for interpretation if the post-hoc test was significant (e.g., which group mean was higher?). If the post-hoc test is not significant, you can just state that it wasn't significant without any further interpretation with the means.
5.Group A vs. Group B (Pairwise Comparison #1)
a)Group A: M = ____________, SD = ______________ (0.5 points)
Group B: M = ____________, SD = ______________ (0.5 points)
b)p-value of Pairwise Comparison #1: _______________ (0.25 points)
Was Pairwise Comparison #1 significant - yes or no? ______________ (0.25 points)
c)Interpret this finding using the p-value from the Tukey's test that you just stated. If the result of the post-hoc test was significant, compare the means to state which group had higher test performance.
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