Work as a Calling Theory states that personal meaning and happiness come from individuals who perceive their specific work to be a calling.

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INSTRUCTIONS

 Instructions and Rubric for additional information. These documents also provide information regarding expectations.

What will I turn in?

Each of you have been assigned to a small team. A completed assignment will consist of two files for each team. First, an annotated working code file that loads the data, all necessary libraries, performs any required transformations, and performs all analyses. Second, a document that includes an APA-style Results section with necessary tables and figures. File names should be clear and identify the author as well as what is included in the file.

Brief background on the assignment:

The final exam uses a dataset shared on https://OSF.io.

Work as a Calling Theory (WCT; Duffy, Dik, Douglass, England, & Velez, 2018) states that personal meaning and happiness come from individuals who perceive their specific work to be a calling. WCT is a specific version of person-environment fit theories. The fundamental idea of person-environment fit theories is that when we as an individual match the environment around us, we optimize our productivity and happiness. Perceived calling (i.e., the individual’s belief that work fits their overall sense of self and purpose) is associated with positive outcomes for both organizations (e.g., more committed employees) and individuals (e.g., more happiness). Unrealized calling or a mismatch between a person’s calling and their job is associated with negative outcomes (e.g., lower life satisfaction). Prior work using WCT has focused on employed individuals. The purpose of the current study was to apply WCT to job-seekers.

Hypotheses:

1)      Individuals who report more calling will have more job-search clarity and job-search intensity.

Hierarchical Regression - IV: Calling, and DV: JSC, DV: JSI

2)      Calling will matter most for individuals low in optimism or perseverance than for individuals high in optimism or perseverance.

DV: Calling, IV1: Optimism, IV2: Perseverance

Moderation analysis

3)      Women will have a stronger sense of calling, job-search clarity, and job-search intensity than men. Importantly, the relationship between calling and job-search clarity and job-search intensity will be stronger for women than men.

IV1: Gender – 2 levels (Men, Woman), DV1: Calling, DV2: JSC, DV3: JSI

Dummy code categorical variables (gender). Reference group: men

4)      Education status will moderate the relationship between job-search clarity and job-search intensity. The more education an individual has, the more important calling is.

Moderation, IV: JSC, DV: JSI, Mod: Education status. 

Codebook:

Variable name	Variable description	Variable Values
jsi_1	Looked at help wanted/classified ads in the newspaper or in a newsletter	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_2	Used the Internet to locate job openings	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_3	Talked to friends or relatives to get their ideas about possible job leads	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_4	Talked to previous employers or people I used to work with about possible job leads	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_5	Worked on my resume	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_6	Consulted a private employment agency or search firm	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_7	Sent a resume to possible employer or turned in a job application	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_8	Telephoned or visited a possible employers	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_9	Tried to learn more about the places where I am applying for work	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsi_10	Asked for referral to someone who might have helpful information or advice about industry	0 = never; 4 = very often
jsc_1	I have a clear idea of the type of job that I want to find	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
jsc_2	I need help deciding if I should make a career change	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
jsc_3	I need help deciding what type of work I would really enjoy	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
jsc_4	I need help planning a career change	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
persev_1	persevering	0 = not at all; 4 = very much
persev_2	resolute	0 = not at all; 4 = very much
persev_3	responsible	0 = not at all; 4 = very much
persev_4	steadfast	0 = not at all; 4 = very much
persev_5	efficient	0 = not at all; 4 = very much
call_1	The most important aspect of my career is its role in helping to meet the needs of others.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
call_2	Making a difference for others is the primary motivation in my career.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
call_3	I am always trying to evaluate how beneficial my work is to others.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
call_4	My work helps me live out my life’s purpose.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
call_5	I see my career as a path to purpose in life.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
call_6	My work helps me live out my life’s purpose.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree
call_7	I believe that I have been called to my current line of work.	1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree

There is missing data in this data file. Use only data that has complete cases for the variables included in the regression equations.

I.  Job Search Intensity.”

a. Continuously

jsi = jsi_1 + jsi_2 + jsi_3 + jsi_4 + jsi_5 + jsi_6 + jsi_7 + jsi_8 + jsi_9 + jsi_10

b.  Categorically

ijsi:

if(jsi >= 3.0), then ijsi = Yes, else ijsi = No

II.  “Job Search Clarity.”

a.  Continuously

jsc = jsc_1 + jsc_2 + jsc_3 _ jsc_4

III. “Perseverance”

a.  Continuously

per = persev_1 + persev_2 + persev_3 + persev_4 + persev_5

IV.   “Calling”

a.Continuously

call = call_1 + call_2 + call_3 +… + call_30

V. Optimism”

opt = opt_1 + opt_2 + opt_3 + opt_4 + opt_5 + opt_6

VI. “Current Affect”

a.  Positive

pa = emwel_2 + emwel_3 + emwel_6 + emwel_8 + emwel_11 + emwel_12

b. Negative

na = emwel_1 + emwel_4 + emwel_5 + emwel_7 + emwel_9 + emwel_10 +

The citation for the data is:

Dalla Rosa, A., Vianello, M., Galliani, E.M., Duffy, R.D. (under review). Moderators of career calling and job-search behaviors among unemployed individuals. https://mfr.osf.io/render?url=https://osf.io/xagm7/?direct%26mode=render%26action=download%26mode=render

Attachments:

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