You are conducting a cohort study looking at exposure to chemicals used to make artificial butter flavoring and the risk

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

You have as much time as you need for this exam; place you answers in the Midterm Exam on BlackBoard; there is no time limit on the BlackBoard exam, and you can go back to as needed.  Do not hit submit until you are completely done.

1. Describe the main differences between prevalence and incidence. (3)

For each measure of disease frequency below in questions 2-4, indicate BOTH the type of mathematical parameter and the type of measure of disease frequency:

2. There were 6 new cases of melanoma per 100,000 residents in NYC during 2007 (3)

3. In a study, 4.3 new cases of cancer per 100,000 person-months were noted. (3)

4. At the beginning of entry to graduate school, students were assessed for level of exercise as well as the presence of cardiovascular disease.  This is an example of what type of study? (2)

a. Case Report

b. Case Series

c. Cross-Sectional

d. Correlational

e. None of the above

5. At the beginning of entry to graduate school, students were assessed for level of exercise.  Six months later and twelve months later they were evaluated for the presence of cardiovascular disease.  This is an example of what type of study? (2)

a. Case Report

b. Case Series

c. Cross-Sectional

d. Correlational

e. None of the above

You are conducting a cohort study looking at exposure to chemicals used to make artificial butter flavoring and the risk of developing a rare form of lung cancer.  

For your answers to 9-20, show the formula used and your substitutions; state your final answer in sentence form. 

In the exposed group, you follow 100 people for the year 2000.

4 were determined to have this form of cancer at the beginning of the study

2 develop this form of cancer on Feb 1

2 develop this form of cancer on Aug 1 and one of these die on Oct 1

7 develop this form of cancer on November 1

5 people (who had never developed disease) were lost to follow-up on June 1

In the unexposed group, you follow 100 people for the year 2000.

2 were determined to have this form of cancer at the beginning of the study

2 develop this form of cancer on July 1.

7 are lost to follow-up on August 1 (not ones with disease)

1 more develops this disease on November 1 and dies on Dec 1

PLEASE NOTE FOR QUESTIONS 9-20, show the formula you are using, the numbers you are substituting into the formula and your final answer in a sentence:

For example: 

P (on 2/15)=#existing cases(on2/15)/Total pop (2/15)=8/100=8% The prevalence of ___ on 2/15 is 8% in the ____ group.

6. What is the prevalence of lung cancer in the exposed group on October 15th? (3)

7. What is the ID of lung cancer in the exposed group during 2000? (4)

8. What is the ID of lung cancer in the unexposed group during 2000? (4)

9. Using ID, calculate the Relative Risk of developing cancer. (5)

10. Using CI, calculate the Risk Difference of developing this form of cancer. (5)

11. Calculate the Population Attributable Risk of developing this form of cancer. (5)

Year of Class	% of Students Completing Homework	Average on Midterm
2000	50	76
2001	43	70
2002	60	81
2003	65	84
2004	52	72
2005	80	93
2006	61	83
2007	35	70
2008	75	89

12. Describe the results of this study. (4)

13. In general, what are the limitations of this type of study.   (3)

14. What are the particular limitations of this study? (5)

	Texas		Florida
	Population	Rate/100000	Population	Rate/100000
Low Income	200000.00	3.70	700000.00	1.60
Middle Income	600000.00	2.90	200000.00	5.10
High Income	500000.00	1.75	300000.00	3.20
	1300000.00		1200000.00

Given the fictional rates of Disease X in Texas and Florida:

15. What can you say by comparing the crude rates to the adjusted rates? (5)

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