Global supply chains have become synonymous with modern slavery. Transnational corporations have successfully avoided legal obligations

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Each question is for 20 marks. Attempt any two questions. The maximum word limit for each question is 1500 words.

1. Global supply chains have become synonymous with modern slavery. Transnational corporations have successfully avoided legal obligations for human rights violations in their supply chain. Comment on the possibility of creating accountability in the supply chain. Discuss some measures that the international community, including TNCs, have taken to curb this problem. Whether voluntary mechanisms are sufficient or are legal sanctions required to create corporate accountability throughout the supply chain?

2. Domestic courts, whether in the host country or in the home country have found it difficult to impose legal liability on Transnational Corporations (TNCs), specifically with respect to TNCs’ cross border activity. What is the role of laws that have extra-territorial jurisdiction? Can market forces, including consumer and investor action, change corporate behavior where the courts have failed?

3. Host governments, at times, engage in human rights abuse and violation of their international human rights obligations with respect to their citizens. When such violations are committed to directly or indirectly assist the business activities of a Transnational Corporation (TNC), what are the obligations that the TNCs must fulfil to mitigate the suffering caused? Additionally, discuss the international voluntary codes that guide the TNCs with respect to their interaction with the host governments and public security forces. If the laws in the host country are against international human rights standards, is there any obligation on TNCs to adhere to international standards?

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