Please do not hesitate to ask for help. This is a learning exercise. It is for you to apply your knowledge of descriptive statistics rather than your SPSS ability. Please ask me if you are having a problem with SPSS. Feel free to use your notes or book to help you with any questions. However, please do this exercise on your own.
This example is based on a study by Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs, and Murdock (1991) in the Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology. The subjects were 45 rape victims who were randomly assigned to one of four groups.
The four groups were:
1) Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) in which subjects were taught a variety of coping skills (similar to cognitive therapy);
2) Prolonged Exposure (PE) in which subjects went over the rape in their mind repeatedly for seven sessions (the idea being the more we are exposed to something the less we have anxiety about it);
3) Supportive Counseling (SC) which was a control group where people were provided with attention and positive regard, but no specific therapy
4) Waiting List (WL) control - no therapy, just measurement.
In the actual study, there were many outcome variables. For our purposes we will only look PTSD Severity, which was the total number of symptoms endorsed by the subject (the sum of the subject’s ratings on about 15 variables related to PTSD—e.g. flashbacks, nightmares, memory difficulties, etc.). Higher scores represent more PTSD symptoms.
People were measured on 3 occasions: Pre-treatment, Post-treatment, and one month following treatment.
To Summarize:
• Independent Variables
o Between Subjects conditions--therapy type (4 conditions)
o Within Subjects conditions—repeated measures (time – pre, post, follow up)
• Dependent Variable = PTSD Severity
To begin, open the data file. (RSM701 Week4.sav, click on SAVE AS, once downloaded, open the file with SPSS)
Once the data is open in SPSS, notice the tabs at the bottom, there is a variable view and a data view.
• The data view allows you to see all the data (this is where you would enter new data).
• The variable view allows you to see the variables (this is where you would create new variables).
PART I: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
First, we need to explore our data to get a beginning picture of what is happening.
Let’s analyze descriptive statistics first (‘Descriptives’)
• In the menu bar, click on ANALYZE/DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS/DESCRIPTIVES
• A dialog box will open
• Highlight the variables, ‘pre’, ‘post’, and ‘follow-up’
• Click on the arrow in the middle that moves them to the box on the right
• Click on OPTIONS (click on any options that you might want to add)
• Click on RUN
• Your output file will now open
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