convert the departure and arrival delays columns from minutes into hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

use r markdown • Dataset 1: Tornadoes • Dataset 2: Airline 1. Data manipulation with Tornadoes. Use the Tornadoes data. (a) How many tornadoes occurred in WA (Washington) or MS (Mississippi)? (b) How many tornadoes occurred in WA after 2012? (c) Get all tornadoes that occurred in WA in 2012, 2013, and 2014. (d) Return the ’mo’ (month), ’yr’ (year), and ’f’ (F-scale) for all tornadoes that occurred in HI (Hawaii). (e) Arrange the tornadoes by date and time. What state had the most recent tornado? (f) Get the count of tornadoes by months. 2. Data manipulation with Airline. (Use the Airline data) (a) Subset: Find the carrier (UniqueCarrier), the flight number (FlightNum), and origin (origin) of all the flights that: i. Departed (DepTime) after 10pm and flew (Dest) to Nashville (’BNA’). ii. departed (DepTime) after 10pm, but Originated (Origin) from Nashville ’BNA’ or landed (Dest) in Memphis ’MEM’. If you don’t get a list of four flight, something is wrong. iii. were delayed (ArrDelay) by more two hours. Note that a negative delay is a flight that arrived early. iv. arrived (ArrDelay) more than two hours late, but didn’t leave late (DepDelay). (b) Arrange: make use of minus sign in front of the function to reverse order() and the function head() to get the relevant part: (Use the Airline data) i. Sort flights to find the 5 most delayed (DepDelay) flights ii. Sort flights to find the 5 least delayed (DepDelay) flights iii. Sort flights by destination (Dest) and break ties by descending arrival delay (ArrDelay) Bonus: Experts Only. 1. Transform using the Airline data: create a new data frame with only the columns ’DepDelay’, ’ArrDelay’, ’Origin’, ’Dest’, AirTime’, and ’Distance’. In addition keep only the observation for flights that were delayed (DepDelay) by more than 1 hour. (Use the Airline data) (a) Add a new column reporting departure delays minus the mean departure delay to the new data frame (b) Convert the departure and arrival delays columns from minutes into hours (c) Add a column with the average flight speed (in mph) (d) Report your new table using the function summary()

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