ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
1. Please identify the appropriate research design for the studies described below. You may find it helpful to think about how participants would be grouped and how data would be collected from participants. In your answer, please be sure to include whether the study is:
· 1-way, 2-way, 3-way, or more….?
· 2x2 Factorial, or….?
· Between-subjects, within-subjects or mixed design?
a) A researcher is interested in determining whether or not parents’ education (high, medium, low) and participation in a community- based ‘Early Start’ program (participation vs. no participation) had a statistically significant effect on children’s IQ score at age 10.
b) A study is investigating the effectiveness of a self-management program on quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of older patients living with cancer. The participants are grouped according to treatment status (on active treatment vs. completed treatment) and disease spread (metastatic vs not metastatic), and were assigned to one of the following groups: cell phone app, educational video, weekly peer-led educational sessions.
c) A cohort of grade 12 students have been randomized into groups to receive different interventions (math support 30 minutes 1 day per week, math support 30 minutes 2 days per week, math support 30 minutes 3 days per week), as well as either no snack or free snacks provided during the math sessions. After 3 months, the math scores were compared with the math scores prior to the start of the program.
2. Identify the appropriate inferential statistic(s) for the following research questions. Please remember to think about assumptions for each question before choosing your answer. You might consider how a researcher would collect the data before you identify the levels of measurement for your variables.
a) A prospective cohort study with a group of expectant mothers receiving a daily new supplement vs a group not receiving the new supplement, to assess the potential link between this new supplement and the child’s height at age 6.
b) A dietitian is interested in identifying potential differences in perceived risk of coronary heart disease (1 = Low risk, 2 = Moderate risk, 3 = High risk) among participants receiving different types of special diet (paleo, keto, and Okinawa).
c) A crossectional study of 75 patients is investigating whether a link exists between dosage of abiraterone and bone mineral density (BMD) in men with prostate cancer. From the data, the team observed a somewhat straight line on the scatterplot; however, both variables appear to be skewed. The researchers decide to proceed with data analysis using Pearson’s r. Is this decision justified? Please explain.
3. Consider the following table.
A researcher is trying to compare a number of assessment outcomes for frail patients who have social support versus those who do not. The outcomes measured are: functional performance score, nutritional assessment score, and length of stay.
a) What is the sample size of this study?
b) What conclusion should the researcher make regarding functional performance? Please provide relevant numbers and clear explanation of your rationale.
c) What conclusion should the researcher make regarding nutritional assessment? Please, provide relevant numbers and clear explanation of your rationale
d) What conclusion should the researcher make regarding length of stay? Please provide relevant numbers and clear explanation of your rationale.
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