new data frame should include columns: zip, employer, initial approvals, initial denials, continuing approvals, continuing denials, state, city, longitude, and latitude

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Section B

Only use ggplot2 for plotting Section B uses FY 2019 H-1B Employer Data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Download FY2019 H-1B data from: https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/h-1b-employer-data-hub-files To read the data manual: https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/understanding-our-h-1b-employerdata-hub The H-1B is a visa in the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act, section 101(a)(15)(H) that allows U.S. employers to temporarily employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. A specialty occupation requires the application of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent of work experience. Use read.csv() to import the dataset to R. Problem 1 Import the H-1B data. • You may notice the data types of “Initial.Approvals”, “Initial.Denials”, “Continuing.Approvals”, and “Continuing.Denials” are wrong. We need to convert them into numerical columns. • Return a data frame containing the top 5 employers which have the most cases of initial approved H-1B. This data frame should have the columns: employer, initial approvals, initial denials, continuing approvals, and continuing denials. Show the top 5 data frame. • Plot a bar chart of Employer versus Initial approvals, mapping Initial Denials as fill, what do you notice based on the plot? Hint1: All the variables should be be associated with the proper data types Hint2: Using function gsub() to eliminating the “,” for every three decimal places. e.g. 1,000 to 1000 Hint3: When converting data from factor to numeric, be aware of the values Problem 2 Download geocode data: https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/91043/files/11702036/download? download_frd=1 If this link doesn’t work, please go to Canvas - Home - Homework - usZipGeo.csv • Join H-1B data table with geocode data table by State and Zip columns. • This new data frame should include columns: zip, employer, initial approvals, initial denials, continuing approvals, continuing denials, state, city, longitude, and latitude. • Insert a new column prop into this new data frame by the formula: inital denial/initial approval Hint1: When joining two tables, make sure all the key column names are the same from both tables.

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