Use an appropriate statistical method to determine whether attending an intervention

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Use an appropriate statistical method to determine whether attending an intervention (i.e. the 4-week CD-based depression training program and the mindfulness-based program) result in a decrease in participants’ average level of depression (pre-program, post-program, one-month follow-up)? Please comment on the results. [10 marks]

Please note: (1) you can use either SPSS or Excel to do the calculation. (2) provide screenshots of your results. (3) the assumptions need to be checked.

2. The research team plans to further investigate whether there is a gender difference in the depression status among all participating nurses. [14 marks]

(1) What are the null and alternate hypotheses for this research question? 

(2) Use an appropriate statistical method to evaluate the hypothesis. 

(3) Calculate the relative risk and odds ratio of the association between depression status and gender among the study participants? Briefly report the meaning of the relative risk and odds ratio in the context of the study.

Please note: (1) you can manually calculate the results or use either SPSS or Excel to do the calculation. (2) provide screenshots of your results. (3) the assumptions need to be checked.

3. You are invited to join a project that aims to investigate the efficacy of a new antihypertensive drug (i.e. Macitentan) for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >25 mmHg and a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure of <15 mmHg). This drug will be tested against a current drug (i.e. Ventavis) that is also used for people with pulmonary arterial hypertension. 

Previous research found the standard deviation for blood pressure measurements was 18 mmHg. A reduction of an average 10 mmHg (i.e. diastolic blood pressure) lower than that achieved using Ventavis is considered clinically relevant (the average blood pressure level was 100 mmHg after using Ventavis). Assuming a type I error of 0.05 (two-sided) and type II error of 20%, How many participants do the investigators need to sample? Please comment on the results. [6 marks]

Please note: (1) you can manually calculate the sample size or use a sample size calculation program. (2) provide screenshots of your results.

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