Research Question:
• What is the association between screen time and depression among U.S. adults?
Hypothesis:
• Those who are have higher amounts of screen time will have higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms1.
1. Background
Write at least four paragraphs on the area of investigation. It is helpful to begin this section with some data specifically about the prevalence/incidence of your primary outcome. You can also state some facts and major findings from previous studies about the association/relationship that you’re investigating.
The last paragraph will state why this study is important, what new information will be added to the body of literature. Then you will write study objective/goal.
2. Methods
2a. Study Design and Population
State your study design and sample population under this sub-heading. Please state any inclusion or exclusion criteria you have here. For instance, if you are using NHANES data, you can say….
This study is a cross-sectional study using the 2020-2021 cycle of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. NHANES is a cross-sectional survey, representing the noninstitutionalized civilian resident population of the United States. Individuals who were 20 years or more were included in this study. Those with missing values for screen time or depression were excluded from the study. The final sample size included in study was XXXX U.S. adults.
2b. Data Source
Explain your data here. Make sure you also state timeline of your data such as: survey years (such as: 2020, 2021.), diagnosis year or so on…….
2c. Measures
In this section you will define the primary exposure and primary outcome variables as well as additional study covariates. When you define your outcome or exposure variables it is always a good idea to back up your method (i.e. cite paper(s) that have used the same cut-off or criteria to define the study outcome.
Outcome
Diagnosis and classification of depressive symptoms:
Depressive symptoms were determined based on participant’s responses to the PHQ-9 questionnaire in the NHANES 2011-2012 cycle. PHQ-9 is a 9-item self-report depression scale that asks questions about the frequency of symptoms of depression over the past two weeks. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The PHQ-9 score can range from 0 to 27 and was classified into two categories. Individuals with a PHQ-score less than 9 were classified as “no or mild depression” and those with a PHQ-score of 9 or more, were classified as “moderate to severe depression”.
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