calculate the required sample size for the study and formulate a statement conveying this information in the context of the effect size, power, and significance level

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1.      Suppose that the success rate for standard induction chemotherapy in adults with leukemia is 50%.  A team of researchers is designing a new treatment for these subjects and feels that a 65% target is obtainable and would be clinically relevant.  The team is interested in a two-sided test of difference in the success rates of the standard treatment versus the new intervention.  They wish their study to have 90% power to detect the effect of interest with an α= 0.05 significance level test.  Let p_c be the control (standard) group success rate and p_I be the intervention (new) group success rate.

a.       Write out the Null and Alternative hypotheses for the study (5 points).

 

b.      What is the specific effect size of interest for this study (5 points)?

 

c.       The team desires independent samples of equal allocation between groups.  Using the method of your choice (e.g., PS, SAS, by hand), calculate the required sample size for the study and formulate a statement conveying this information in the context of the effect size, power, and significance level.  State the method of calculation used (if by hand, you must show work to receive full credit) (15 points).

 

 

d.      As part of a sensitivity analysis, the team would like power estimates over a range of possible intervention group success rates.  Assuming the control rate (p_c) is 0.5 and a sample size equal to the one calculated in part c, create a table of attainable power levels under true intervention rate (p_I) assumptions of p_I = 0.60, 0.65, and 0.70.  State the method of calculation used (if by hand, you must show work to receive full credit) (15 points).

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